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Graph/caller-ownership-double-free

AntiPattern

Caller-Ownership Double Free

caller-ownership-double-free

ASN1 objects allocated and owned by the caller get freed inside error paths, so later cleanup frees the same pointer again; this mismatch causes double-free crashes or exploitable memory corruption during certificate SAN encoding failures.

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Updated5/4/2026

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30 linked nodes

MATCHESSolution

Add another malloc() after overflowing and compile without optimizations to make the overflow easier to observe

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Technically, it's not 100% free of undefined behavior. — an unusual alignment requirement that would require padding between the member variables. Tension: Nevertheless, it should be a reliable example.

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Use a certificate authority private key and a certificate with CA basicConstraints enabled to sign additional certificates

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include a Subject Alternative Name (SAN) record — When you sign your certificate. Tension: self signed certificate in certificate chain. Outcome: echo "subjectAltName = IP:127.0.0.1" > v3.ext.

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if (AllocateAndInitializeSid(&SIDAuth, 1, SECURITY_MANDATORY_LOW_RID, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &tml.Label.Sid)). Tension: SetTokenInformation failed, %u\n. Outcome: if (!SetTokenInformation(hPrimTok, TokenIntegrityLevel, &tml, sizeof(tml))).

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case "CallbackRouteError": return { error: "Invalid credentials!" } — in my `login.ts` server action in the switch case clause. Tension: to return the correct errors. Outcome: bypass this error.

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The changed code invokes undefined behaviour. — Java 25 FFM API. Tension: You can't rely on always getting this behaviour. Outcome: The caller's pointer is passed in to it, but it's never used.

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Where/how are you instantiating your tracer? — Is it a SimpleTracer or an OtelTracer? Tension: You need to be consistent to avoid this sort of exception. Outcome: You need to be consistent to avoid this sort of exception.

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Two fixes needed:. Outcome: The official patch in OpenSSL 1.1.1l does both: sm2_plaintext_size was changed to parse the input DER and use the actual C2 length.

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Store ownership as a `[Sync(SyncFlags.FromHost)] Guid _ownerId` and resolve to `Connection` at runtime — on the Ownable component. Tension: cancel grabs/selections when the caller doesn't have access.

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Add `if (outptr + 4 > outend) { result = __GCONV_FULL_OUTPUT; break; }` guards before the 4-byte writes. Tension: the SS2/SS3 branches never got the same treatment. Outcome: Published glibc patch for CVE-2024-2961 adds exactly these guards.

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chown-core.c:211-262. Outcome: openat+fstat+SAME_INODE+fchown.

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Check if strlen(hostname) >= sizeof(sun.sun_path) and return an error (RPC_SYSTEMERROR with errno EINVAL) if true. — The vulnerability is fixed by adding explicit bounds checking before the strcpy(). Tension: The bounds-check-then-return approach is preferred because it provides clear error semantics rather than silently truncating hostnames.

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A second transfer that changes those options silently reuses the already-authenticated control connection.

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unbounded memory allocation (DoS) — processing a crafted ELF file.

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Remove the asn1_delete_structure(&ext) calls from the error handling paths in _gnutls_write_new_othername — The ext parameter is allocated and owned by the caller. Tension: the function should not free it on error. Outcome: Only the caller should manage the lifetime of this structure.

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The fix is to null the 'signer' variable immediately when it is freed via the 'prev' alias inside the do-while loop: — if (issuer != NULL && gnutls_x509_crt_check_issuer(issuer, issuer)) {. Tension: This prevents the fail: handler from calling gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(signer) on already-freed memory.

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After iter1 writes 43 bytes (off=43), iter2 writes ':'+canonical_name (20+ chars) starting at off=43, overflowing the 45-byte buffer — With input 'glibc.malloc.mxfast=glibc.malloc.mxfast=512' (43 bytes), the buffer is 45 bytes. Tension: overflowing the 45-byte buffer. Outcome: Verified by examining fix commit 1056e5b4c3.

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Located wordexp.c in posix/ directory. Tension: Found vulnerable arithmetic at line 160 in w_addword. Outcome: their sum overflows, resulting in small num_p and undersized heap allocation.

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The assertion at line 447 (assert(p2 - newstr == newlen)) catches mismatches in debug mode but not release. — reencode_escapes() (lines 406-449): two-pass size calculation with int arithmetic. Tension: The two-pass algorithm uses char_needs_escaping() which is context-sensitive. Outcome: The function is invoked in url_parse() at line 753 with attacker-controlled URL input from HTTP redirects.

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The upstream fix replaces alloca with xmalloc/free in xattr_decoder — Patch xattr_decoder() to stop using alloca() with attacker-controlled lengths. Tension: stop using alloca() with attacker-controlled lengths. Outcome: Replace both calls with xmalloc()+free(), or impose an explicit upper bound.

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if (tmp == NULL) — tmp = (struct attr_abbrev *) bfd_realloc (cur_abbrev->attrs, amt);. Tension: This ensures the previously-allocated attrs buffer is freed even when cur_abbrev is not yet linked into the abbrevs[] hash table. Outcome: free (cur_abbrev->attrs); /* Fix: free old attrs before leaving */.

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Add a length guard before the strcpy in clnt_create — sunrpc/clnt_gen.c, line ~62.

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This prevents UAF when lookup is called on a freed hash table. Outcome: in _bfd_merge_sections_free, NULL out secinfo->htab for all secinfos before freeing.

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after each allocation that may trigger GC. Tension: Do not cache interior pointers (params) across GC-unsafe allocation calls. Outcome: Apply same fix pattern to sampled_data_continue.

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Removed lazy registration from the shared MCP call path — shared MCP call path. Outcome: restored direct gating using the original agent id.

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Fix in src/iri.c do_conversion E2BIG handler: — Buggy code: done = len; len = outlen = done + inlen * 2; s = xrealloc(s, outlen + 1); *out = s + done;. Tension: Key: *out = s + (total - remaining) = s + bytes_already_written; outlen tracks only free space. Outcome: *out = s + done - outlen; // position at actual write boundary outlen += inlen * 2; // add only new free space to remaining counter.

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Remove cleanup from calc_ecdh_key() (lines 131-134), making it NOT responsible for freeing parameters — Keep cleanup in callers (_gnutls_proc_ecdh_common_client_kx and _gnutls_gen_ecdh_common_client_kx_int). Tension: Ensure single ownership of resource lifecycle. Outcome: Alternatively, remove caller cleanup and make calc_ecdh_key() the sole cleanup point.

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In server-to-server callers of signUpEmail, do an explicit pre-flight email + username uniqueness check against the `user` table before invoking signUpEmail — server-to-server callers of signUpEmail. Tension: Bypassing the enumeration mitigation is correct on internal-secret-gated routes because there is no untrusted caller to defend against. Outcome: return a clean 409 on collision. Add a belt-and-braces post-call check: SELECT user.id WHERE id = result.user.id — if the row doesn't exist, refuse to use the id.

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Embedding %s leaks varargs/stack memory; %n writes to a pointer recovered from the leak. — upd_wrtrtl at line 6994. Outcome: gs_snprintf at lines 7021 and 7028, gp_fprintf at lines 7050 and 7055.

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