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Graph/cluster-77

ClusterConcept

Encryption Without Integrity

cluster-77

Unauthenticated encryption gets used where confidentiality alone is assumed—e.g., AES-CBC without built-in authentication—so tampering can go undetected and IV/key handling mistakes leak data. Separately, storing secrets and API keys as “just encryptions” fails to address password-like threat models.

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Updated6/23/2026

PageRank0.0002

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41 linked nodes

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hash could not be identified — When I insert the username and password in my fastapi login form. Tension: The passwords in the database are already hashed (I'm using the same database from the Django project). Outcome: I've also tried `password = form.get("password")`, and the error still pops up.

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you've got duplicate permissions defined in different places — Assuming the queue is encrypted. Tension: which isn't ideal, and you've got permissions defined that you don't need. Outcome: neither producer nor consumer need `kms:Encrypt`.

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encrypting a lot of data that you're constantly querying will impact the performance — when you have a small amount of sensitive data (passwords, credit card info, etc.). Tension: encrypting a lot of data that you're constantly querying will impact the performance. Outcome: yes, TDE is the best choice because it works in a different way.

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as long as the keys are shipped together with the apk, they are not secured — Is there a way to safely deliver the SDK keys with the Android app? Tension: there is still a simple way to get them. Outcome: no matter where the SDK keys are stored.

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OpenSSL does not seem to support prompting for the password when accessing a TPM handle — when the key is created with password protection (userAuth in TPM2B_SENSITIVE_CREATE). Tension: it fails silently or with cryptic errors. Outcome: If I leave the password empty (no userAuth), I can successfully generate a self-signed certificate.

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DataStore does not offer encryption — I'm using Jetpack DataStore in my Android application and want to ensure it's secure enough for storing sensitive data. Tension: could it potentially be decrypted by an attacker? Outcome: Using DataStore for the actual storage should be fine, and you can encrypt/decrypt your data yourself.

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Never store private keys or the corresponding certificate files (.pfx/p12) on an unencrypted file system. — the private key files on an encrypted file system. Tension: private keys or the corresponding certificate files (.pfx/p12) on an unencrypted file system.

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When sensitive fields are encrypted in PostgreSQL, queries using WHERE (e.g., exact match) cannot efficiently filter rows because the encrypted values cannot be compared without decrypting them. This makes encrypted-field searches slow and impractical at scale.

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make sure that users do not reuse their recent passwords; are too similar to their current password. Tension: how do systems enforce the not being similar test without having to store the passwords in plain text in the database? Outcome: keeping a table of the hashes for comparison.

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they are printed out — After the three passwords have been overwritten. Tension: it is definitely possible that a `String` instance of your `char` array was created somewhere, and that this `String` can be found in a heapdump.

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I want to ensure that these API keys are stored securely in my database. — I'm building a REST API that uses API keys for authentication. Tension: Should I hash API keys before storing them in the database, similar to user passwords? Outcome: I reviewed the OWASP guidelines but couldn't find a definitive recommendation on this topic.

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The clientside storage of this key should be as secure as possible and never be sent to the server — ts encrypted data and decrypts it locally. Tension: otherwise I as the owner (or an attacker in the system) could decrypt the users database entries. Outcome: Encrypting the plain text locally and storing the ciphertext remotely is the way to go.

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I get the error: "The security descriptor structure is invalid" — I'm trying to create a key in the TPM with the help of the NCrypt library and restrict the access to only my application in C++.

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I need to know if there's a way to identify if each of those individual libraries can be verified for FIPS 140-2 compliance? — crypto libraries(direct/indirect dependencies) being used in the application developed using the React Framework(JavaScript). Outcome: FIPS 140-2 compliance is not a self assessed compliance.

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return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "sk-XXXXXXXXXkeyXXXXXXXXX"); — storing the key in a `.c` file and returning it to my Kotlin code. Tension: Is this secure? Or what is the better approach to store API Keys.

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the expected PIN prompt does not appear. Tension: Instead, I'm only presented with two options: "iPhone, iPad, or Android device" and "Security Key".

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The Python doc says: By default, the `__hash__()` values of str and bytes objects are “salted” with an unpredictable random value. — the algorithm used for computing hash() of numbers is deterministic. Tension: Why an attacker can not use integers to run DoS by the same reason? Outcome: The security benefits of the change won out over the performance impact for strings and `bytes` objects, but not for numeric types.

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I don't want to hardcode it. — How to make secure info of my sign app when I want to release my app. Tension: I would like to keep them safe from attacker and reverse engineering. Outcome: externalizing secrets.

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Passwords entered in the browser appear in Firefox DevTools under the Network tab, leading to concern that credentials are exposed or insecure during login.

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there is no plain-text key and password available on the Kiosk machine. Tension: Would you say this would be a good workflow to make sure. Outcome: the app checks whether there is an unencrypted key and pass and if yes, then it encrypts them.

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However, this provides zero guidance on — The parameter `usedforsecurity` was added to every hash function in hashlib in Python 3.9. Tension: When you should use `usedforsecurity` When you should not use `usedforsecurity`. Outcome: pass `False` if you're not using the algorithm for security purposes.

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you'll end up using the default key without any error messages — setting up access by adding GPG users is easier than sharing the symmetric key.

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If the encoded password does not start with any of these prefixes. Tension: it will throw exception complaining it cannot determine which password encoder to use. Outcome: the correspond encoders will be used.

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ValueError: Fernet key must be 32 url-safe base64-encoded bytes. — Fernet(hash). Outcome: A solution I've found is to use the `hash_secret_raw` function:.

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I have tried my code but it doesn't enable transparent data encryption on my SQL server. — I'm trying to setup transparent data encryption on my Azure SQL server with the help of a customer managed key I have stored on my key vault. Tension: doing all of this via Azure SDK for python. Outcome: Transparent Data Encryption with CMK was enabled in Azure SQL from Key vault successfully.

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I was blocked at step 4: Import the key material — I have to safety management company's wallet secret key. Outcome: I also tried encrypting with openssl. But i also couldn't solve this problem.

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The API hashes passwords using SHA-256 with a fixed "salt", but it is unclear whether this approach is secure enough for user authentication. The current implementation uses the same value for every password, reducing the intended protection.

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In the event that an attacker can dump the entire RAM (e.g. through DMA) — DPAPI on Windows provides functions to encrypt and decrypt arbitrary data. Tension: will DPAPI use it to protect its encryption key instead? If so, for which of the functions previously listed is this true?

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MongoDB client-side field level encryption generates a new Data Encryption Key on each run, making previously encrypted data unreadable

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the secret string `abc123` leaks up in three places: — If I run this,. Tension: I can replace the hardcoded password with something like `$(pass show cloudflare-api-key)`, in which case the password only leak s in `ps` output. Outcome: This is still bad, as an unprivileged daemon on my machine could steal my credentials.

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I'm trying to generate key pairs (public and private) and I'm looking for cryptographically secure libraries that allow me to generate good entropy — in a node.js environment. Tension: I wanted to use another secure module to have a single combined entropy. Outcome: or even just the crypto module is fine.

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the resulting dump is not encrypted — when the task is executed. Tension: Oracle Vault should stop a DBA from reading the data, but how do I prevent a DBA to just to a expdp and then to import the data in clear form? Outcome: ORA-39327: Oracle Database Vault data is being stored unencrypted in dump file set.

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the problem arises when I am deploying this in weblogic server — I am using jasypt for encrypting sensitive properties that are in application.properties file. Tension: I am not sure where I can keep the secret key in weblogic. Outcome: I am not sure where I can keep the secret key in weblogic.

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Once the document has been opened and decrypted successfully — a conforming reader. Tension: There is nothing inherent in PDF encryption that enforces the document permissions specified in the encryption dictionary. Outcome: a conforming reader technically has access to the entire contents of the document.

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admin password security mechanism in PDFs

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I have signature of in DER format. — How to convert it into PEM? Outcome: There is, as far as I know no PEM header specification for signatures.

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you can sniff all HTTPS communications in an unencrypted form. Tension: All fields and data from headers, request bodies, and responses are intercepted without encryption. Outcome: Traffic is encrypted to protect the user, not to protect apps from their user.

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That however is not a safe way to encrypt data by itself. Tension: because it doesn't include any authentication. Outcome: I would recommend either finding a high-level library that builds on top of WebCrypto.

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I see the password: — My log level is set to DEBUG, and in the output. Tension: I've tried many suggestions as to how to not log this password.

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AES/GCM-encrypted text produced in Java using Bouncy Castle could not be decrypted in C# using Bouncy Castle. Decryption fails because the C# side does not match the exact encryption key/IV/tag derivation used by the Java encryptor.

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After submitting a Django login form, Chrome DevTools shows the POST payload including the plaintext username and password. The user questions whether credentials are being sent without encryption.

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